孤独症谱系障碍患儿的饮食行为研究进展

周小钧, 严雨, 黄美琳

Abstract

孤独症谱系障碍（Autism spectrum disorder，ASD）是一种常见的神经发育性障碍，其伴随的饮食行为问题日益受到关注。这些问题不仅发生率高，而且会对患儿的营养状况、体格发育及长期预后产生重要影响。本文系统综述了ASD患儿饮食行为的三大核心特征：进食能力不足、仪式化与异常的进食行为，以及因感知觉过敏导致的严重食物选择性。这些表现与ASD核心症状、异常感知觉处理、肠-脑轴潜在影响及家庭喂养压力等多因素密切相关。在干预方面，需采取个体化、系统化的策略，整合针对患儿的口腔运动训练、感觉统合干预及应用行为分析，同时结合以家庭为中心的喂养技能指导和照顾者心理支持。本文旨在为ASD患儿饮食行为早期干预提供指导，以提升患儿及家庭的生活质量和康复效果。

Keywords

孤独症谱系障碍进食问题饮食行为干预策略

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